In your book 'Sharpe's Escape" in the description of the defenses at Lisbon, you mention that they used "withies'. I know that they were usually used as pens for the livestock. Can you explain how they were used in the defense system? I think my last name explains my interest. I have a recent copy of a withie made in England about five years ago. Thank You, John R. Withey
Did I? I don't remember! I usually use the term to describe the dead branches used to mark shallow water. I suspect it's a dialect term I learned growing up on the shoaling coast of Essex. It can be used, though, of any flexible piece of wood (a sapling, for instance) and perhaps I used it to describe how the Napoleonic equivalent of a sandbag was made - a box of withies, filled with earth and called a gabion.